
Philip I 'the Arab'
c. February 244 – September/October 249 (c. 5 years and 7/8 months)
Philip the Arab succeeded Gordian III and ruled during Rome's thousandth-anniversary celebrations. His reign ended when Decius rebelled and defeated him in battle in AD 249.
Philip II 'The Younger'
July/August 247 – September/October 249 (c. 2 years and 2 months)
Philip II was the young son and co-emperor of Philip the Arab. He shared his father's imperial titles but was killed in AD 249 after Decius defeated the elder Philip.
Decius
September/October 249 – June 251 (c. 1 year and 8/9 months)
Decius seized power in AD 249 and launched an empire-wide requirement for public sacrifice that brought severe pressure upon Christians. He died fighting the Goths in AD 251.
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