The History of the Bible
How the Bible Took Shape
The Bible developed across many centuries through oral tradition, writing,
collection, translation, canon formation, copying, printing, scholarship,
and modern translation. Explore six major periods in that continuing history.
1
c. 1300-400 BC
Origins of Israel’s Scriptures
The Old Testament did not appear as a single bound volume all at once. God revealed His word within the history of Israel through covenant, law, prophetic proclamation, poetry, wisdom, and historical narrative. Families taught their children, worshipers rep...
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2
500 BC-AD 100
Second Temple Jewish Scriptures
The centuries of Second Temple Judaism formed a vital bridge between the Old and New Testaments. The Jewish people lived successively under Persian, Greek, Hasmonean, and Roman rule while continuing to worship the God of Israel and preserve His written Word...
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3
c. 5 BC-AD 110
Jesus, the Apostles, and the New Testament
The New Testament arose from the saving work of Jesus Christ and the authoritative witness of those He appointed. Jesus ministered within the world of Second Temple Judaism, proclaimed the kingdom of God, fulfilled the Old Testament Scriptures, died by cruc...
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4
AD 100-500
Canon and the Ancient Christian Bible
Between AD 100 and 500, Christianity spread through the Roman world and beyond while often facing hostility, persecution, and theological controversy. Churches inherited the Hebrew Scriptures and the apostolic writings, read them in worship, copied them for...
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5
AD 500-1500
The Medieval Bible
The medieval centuries did not represent a thousand-year disappearance of the Bible. Jewish and Christian communities continued to copy, read, interpret, translate, and treasure Scripture across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. Acce...
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6
AD 1450-Present
Printing and Modern Bibles
The invention of movable-type printing transformed the circulation of Scripture. Printed Bibles could be produced more consistently and in far greater numbers than handwritten books. At the same time, renewed study of Hebrew and Greek encouraged scholars an...
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