Kings of Israel and Judah

Jeroboam II
Israel (Northern Kingdom)
Prophets: Amos, Hosea, Jonah
A strong ruler, made peace with Judah and recovered territory. (Jonah’s prophecy: 2 Kings 14:25). Freedom from foreign attack brought prosperity, also extremes of wealth and poverty, empty religious ritual and false security, condemned by the prophet Amos.

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Menahem
Israel (Northern Kingdom)
Prophets: Hosea
Military governor of Tirzah, old capital of Israel. Proclaimed king after killing Shallum, he suppressed rebellion with great cruelty. Became more unpopular by imposing heavy taxation to pay tribute to Tiglat-pileser to keep Assyrian forces out. Last king to be succeeded by his son (2 Kings 15:14-22).

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Zechariah
Israel (Northern Kingdom)
Prophets: Hosea
Reigned six months before being assassinated by Shallum (2 Kings 14:29; 15:8-9).

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The Jewish kings ruled over vastly different kingdoms in different periods of history. Starting in the early iron age with Saul, several kings ruled over an expanding, "United Kingdom." After the death of Solomon a fissure developed, with ten tribes separating into the Northern Kingdom of "Israel..."

( see table )

and the tribes of Benjamin and Judah continuing the Davidic line in the Southern Kingdom of "Judah."

( see table )

After the north was conquered by Assyria and the south by Babylon, a Jewish kingdom did not reappear until the second century BC with the establishment of the Hasmonean dynasty. The Hasmoneans were then followed in the first century BC by the Herodian rulers, this final group being clients of Rome, (and actually Idumean).