Bible Dictionary
Explore biblical people, places, events, objects, ideas, and other terms. Search the dictionary directly, browse alphabetically, or narrow the list by category or Testament.
Aquila
People & Groups - New Testament
Aquila was a Jewish tentmaker from Pontus who, with his wife Priscilla, became a trusted fellow worker of Paul. They hosted Christian gatherings, helped instruct Apollos, and served believers in Corinth, Ephesus, and Rome.
Ar
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Ar, or Ar of Moab, was one of the chief cities of Moab. It was later known as Areopolis or Rabbath-Moab and is associated with the modern site Rabba.
AR, AR OF MOAB
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Ar, or Ar of Moab, was a city or district on the border of Moab beside the Arnon. It is mentioned in ancient songs and prophetic descriptions of Moab.
Ara
People & Groups - Old Testament
Ara was a son of Jether and a head of a family among the Asherites. He is listed in the genealogy of the tribe of Asher.
Arab
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Arab was a city in the hill country allotted to Judah. It was probably located south of Hebron near the modern ruins called er-Rabiyeh.
Arabah
Places & Geography - Old Testament
The Arabah is the great depression or valley extending from the Jordan region toward the Gulf of Aqabah. In Scripture it commonly refers to the Jordan valley and the continuation of that rift south of the Dead Sea.
Arabia
Places & Geography - Both
Arabia was the extensive desert and peninsula southeast of the Holy Land, including regions known for nomadic tribes, rocky wilderness, and fertile southern districts. Israelites had contact with Arabia through the wilderness journey, trade, prophecy, and Paul’s retreat after his conversion.
Arabians
People & Groups - Both
Arabians were nomadic peoples living chiefly east and south of Palestine. In early biblical history they were associated with Ishmaelites and descendants of Keturah.
ARABIC LANGUAGE
Original Language - Both
Arabic is a Semitic language related to Hebrew and Aramaic. Its vocabulary, grammar, and sound patterns have helped illuminate difficult Old Testament words, and it later became an important language for Bible translations and Christian literature.
ARABIC VERSIONS
Scripture - Both
Arabic versions are translations of the Bible made for Arabic-speaking Jewish and Christian communities. They were produced from Hebrew, Greek, Syriac, Coptic, and other versions, with surviving witnesses ranging from the medieval period onward.
Arad
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Arad was a Canaanite royal city in the southern part of the land. Its king opposed Israel during the wilderness journey, and the city was later included among territories subdued by Israel; Arad was also the name of a Benjamite descendant.
ARADUS
Places & Geography - Inter-testament
Aradus was the Greek name for Arvad, an ancient city on the Phoenician coast. It is mentioned in 1 Maccabees among the places whose rulers received correspondence.
Arah
People & Groups - Old Testament
Arah was the name of an Asherite descendant and of the head of a family that returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. The name is associated with a traveler or wayfarer.
Aram
People & Groups - Both
Aram was the name of a son of Shem, a grandson of Nahor, and a descendant of Asher; it also denotes the region commonly called Syria or Aram. In the New Testament genealogies, Aram is the Greek form of Ram, an ancestor of David’s line.
Aram-naharaim
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Aram-naharaim means “Aram of the two rivers,” the region between the Tigris and Euphrates, generally identified with Mesopotamia. Padan-aram was part of this country.
Aram-zobah
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Aram-zobah was a region probably situated between the Euphrates and the Orontes. It is named in the title of Psalm 60.
Aramitess
People & Groups - Old Testament
An Aramitess was a female inhabitant of Aram, or Syria. The term is applied to the concubine-mother of Machir in the genealogy of Gilead.
Aramnahataim
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Aramnaharaim is another form of Aram-naharaim, meaning “highlands of two rivers.” It denotes the Mesopotamian region named in the title of Psalm 60.
Aramzobah
Places & Geography - Old Testament
Aramzobah is another spelling of Aram-zobah, the region mentioned in the title of Psalm 60, probably between the Euphrates and Orontes.
Aran
People & Groups - Old Testament
Aran was a son of Dishan and a descendant of Seir the Horite. His name is associated with the meaning “wild goat.”
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