| Prophet | Period | Audience | Message | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samuel | c. 1100-1010 BC | All Israel; Saul and David | Faithful obedience to God matters more than outward religion. Israel may have a king, but the LORD remains its true King. | More |
| Nathan | c. 1010-970 BC | David and his royal court | Even the king stands under God's law. Nathan confronts David's sin but also announces God's enduring covenant with David's house. | More |
| Gad | c. 1010-970 BC | David | The king is accountable to God. Sin brings consequences, while repentance and worship restore proper relationship with God. | More |
| Ahijah of Shiloh | c. 940-910 BC | Jeroboam I; northern kingdom | Unfaithfulness to God destroys kingdoms. Jeroboam receives a kingdom from God but forfeits his dynasty through idolatry. | More |
| Shemaiah | c. 930 BC | Rehoboam and Judah | Submit to God's judgment rather than resisting it. The division of the kingdom has occurred under God's sovereignty. | More |
| Elijah | c. 875-850 BC | Northern Kingdom (Israel); Ahab and Jezebel | The LORD alone is God. Israel must choose between Yahweh and Baal; covenant apostasy and injustice will be judged. | More |
| Micaiah son of Imlah | c. 853 BC | Ahab, Jehoshaphat, royal court | God's truth cannot be changed to please rulers. The true prophet speaks God's word even when it is unwelcome. | More |
| Elisha | c. 850-800 BC | Northern Kingdom; kings and ordinary Israelites | The LORD remains sovereign and active among His people. His power brings judgment, deliverance, healing, and mercy. | More |
| Joel | c. 790 - 770 B.C. | Northern Kingdom of Israel | The Day of the LORD calls God's people to genuine repentance. A devastating locust plague anticipates greater divine judgment, but God promises restoration to those who return to Him and foretells the outpouring of His Spirit upon all kinds of people. | More |
| Jonah | c. 780-750 BC | Nineveh/Assyria, though his story addresses Israel | God's mercy extends beyond Israel. God desires repentance and may show compassion even to Israel's enemies. | More |
| Amos | c. 760-750 BC | Northern Kingdom (Israel) | Religious observance cannot substitute for justice and righteousness. Prosperous Israel will be judged for oppression, corruption, and covenant unfaithfulness. | More |
| Hosea | c. 755-715 BC | Northern Kingdom (Israel) | Israel has been an unfaithful spouse, but God's covenant love persists. Judgment is coming, yet God longs to restore His people. | More |
| Isaiah | c. 740-700 BC | Judah, especially Jerusalem and its kings | Trust the Holy One of Israel rather than human power. Judgment will come for sin, but God promises a purified remnant, a coming Davidic ruler, and ultimate restoration. | More |
| Micah | c. 735-700 BC | Judah and Israel | God requires justice, mercy, and humble faithfulness - not corrupt religion. Judgment will fall, but a ruler from Bethlehem and future restoration are promised. | More |
| Nahum | c. 660-630 BC | Judah, concerning Nineveh/Assyria | God will judge violent and oppressive empires. Nineveh's apparent power cannot protect it from divine justice. | More |
| Zephaniah | c. 640-620 BC | Judah, during Josiah's reign | The Day of the LORD is approaching. Judgment calls God's people to repentance, humility, and renewed faithfulness. | More |
| Jeremiah | c. 627-580 BC | Judah and Jerusalem, before and during Babylonian conquest | Judah's judgment is now unavoidable because of persistent covenant rebellion. Yet beyond destruction God promises restoration and a new covenant written on the heart. | More |
| Habakkuk | c. 610-600 BC | Judah; dialogue with God about Babylon | Trust God even when His ways are difficult to understand. Evil will ultimately be judged, and the righteous shall live by his faith. | More |
| Ezekiel | c. 593-570 BC | Jewish exiles in Babylon | God's glory and sovereignty are not confined to Jerusalem. Israel is responsible for its sin, but God will give His people a new heart, restore them, and dwell among them again. | More |
| Daniel | c. 605-530 BC | Jews living under Babylonian and Persian rule | God rules over every earthly kingdom. His people must remain faithful during exile because human empires will pass away and God's kingdom will ultimately prevail. | More |
| Obadiah | probably c. 586 BC | Judah, concerning Edom | God will judge nations that exploit His people's calamity. Edom's pride and violence against Judah will be repaid. | More |
| Haggai | 520 BC | Returned exiles in Judah | Put God first and rebuild His Temple. Spiritual neglect lies behind the community's discouragement; renewed obedience brings hope. | More |
| Zechariah | 520-c. 480 BC | Returned exiles in Judah | Return to the LORD and complete the restoration. God has not abandoned Jerusalem; He promises cleansing, a coming king, and an ultimate divine victory. | More |
| Malachi | c. 460-430 BC | Post-exilic Judah | Renew covenant faithfulness. Priests and people have become spiritually complacent; the LORD will come in judgment and purification, preceded by His messenger. | More |