Fasting was a recognizable Jewish religious practice and could be accompanied by visible signs of solemnity, mourning, or self-denial.
Jesus in Context
Fasting, Washing, and Anointing
Jesus contrasts visible signs of fasting with the ordinary grooming practices of washing the face and anointing the head.
Introduction
Historical and Cultural Context
Washing the face and anointing the head with oil were ordinary aspects of grooming. Mourning or solemn fasting could involve refraining from such normal practices and adopting an afflicted appearance. Jesus instead tells the fasting disciple to maintain an ordinary appearance.
Why It Matters
Understanding ancient grooming practices makes the instruction concrete. Jesus discourages using physical appearance to advertise religious devotion to observers.