Jesus says that when the Paraclete comes, he will 'reprove the world' concerning sin, righteousness, and judgment. He then explains each category in relation to himself and to the ruler of this world.
Jesus in Context
The Spirit Will Convict the World
The KJV's 'reprove the world' translates a Greek verb that can mean expose, convict, or demonstrate wrongdoing; Jesus applies the Spirit's work to sin, righteousness, and judgment.
Introduction
Historical and Cultural Context
The Greek verb elencho can mean to expose, convict, bring to light, or demonstrate that something is wrong. It can be used in settings of moral correction and argument and should not be limited to producing a private feeling of guilt. Jesus defines the immediate issues: sin is centered on unbelief in him; righteousness is illuminated by his return to the Father; and judgment is demonstrated because the ruler of this world has been judged.
Why It Matters
The lexical background broadens the saying beyond an inward emotional experience. The Spirit's work exposes the world's mistaken verdict about Jesus.
The one condemned by the world is vindicated by the Father, while the spiritual ruler behind the world's rebellion stands judged.