Intelligent Design Investigation

Research Sources

A Habitable Earth  •  19 unique sources
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These are the research sources used in this investigation. A source is listed once even when it supports several evidence records, explanations, or objections. The entries below also show where each source is used so that the research trail can be followed.

Foley and Driscoll — Whole Planet Coupling

Author: Bradford J. Foley; Peter E. Driscoll
Whole Planet Coupling Between Climate, Mantle, and Core: Implications for Rocky Planet Evolution • Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 17 • 2016
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.1002/2015GC006210
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth's Atmosphere and Surface Conditions — Whole Planet Context
  • The Carbon Cycle and Long-Term Climate — Whole Planet System
  • Earth's Magnetic Field — Whole Planet Context
  • Plate Tectonics and Geological Activity — Whole Planet System
  • The Combined Requirements for Complex Life — Whole Planet System
Explanations
  • Planetary Evolution and Natural Processes — Whole Planet System

Cockell et al. — Habitability: A Review

Author: Charles S. Cockell; Thérèse Bush; Christopher Bryce; Sebastian Direito; Mark Fox-Powell; James P. Harrison; Helmut Lammer; Heinrich Landenmark; J. Martin-Torres; Philip Nicholson; Laure Noack; John O'Malley-James; Sarah J. Payler; Andrew Rushby; Teresa Samuels; Paul Schwendner; Joachim Wadsworth; Martin P. Zorzano
Habitability: A Review • 2016
Scientific Review Neutral
Used in this investigation
Explanations
  • Earth as One Successful Outcome — Habitability Context
  • Planetary Evolution and Natural Processes — Scientific Foundation
  • Selection Effects — Observer Context
  • Purposeful Design — Qualification
  • An Explanation Not Yet Known — Scientific Foundation
Questions & Objections
  • Are We Just Making a List of Earth's Features? — Scientific Foundation
  • Could Life Exist Under Very Different Conditions? — Scientific Foundation
  • With So Many Planets, Isn't an Earth Bound to Occur Somewhere? — Qualification
  • Does Observer Selection Explain Earth's Habitability? — Observer Context
  • Are Some Supposed Requirements Actually Unnecessary? — Broader Context
  • Does Finding Another Habitable Planet Weaken the Design Argument? — Qualification

Gronoff et al. — Atmospheric Escape and Planetary Evolution

Author: Guillaume Gronoff; Peter Arras; Soufiane Baraka; Jared M. Bell; Gaël Cessateur; Ofer Cohen; and others
Atmospheric Escape Processes and Planetary Atmospheric Evolution • Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 125, No. 8 • 2020
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.1029/2019JA027639
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth's Mass, Gravity, and Rocky Composition — Atmospheric Retention
  • Earth's Magnetic Field — Scientific Foundation

Gonzalez and Richards — The Privileged Planet

Author: Guillermo Gonzalez; Jay W. Richards
The Privileged Planet: How Our Place in the Cosmos Is Designed for Discovery • 2024
Id Source Supports Design
Used in this investigation
Explanations
  • Purposeful Design — Design Interpretation
Questions & Objections
  • Does Finding Another Habitable Planet Weaken the Design Argument? — Design Interpretation

Gunell et al. — Magnetic Fields and Atmospheric Escape

Author: Herbert Gunell; Romain Maggiolo; Hans Nilsson; Gabriella Stenberg Wieser; Rikard Slapak; Jesper Lindkvist; Maria Hamrin; Johan De Keyser
Why an Intrinsic Magnetic Field Does Not Protect a Planet Against Atmospheric Escape • Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 614 • 2018
Journal Article Neutral
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832934
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth's Magnetic Field — Qualification
Questions & Objections
  • Are Some Supposed Requirements Actually Unnecessary? — Scientific Qualification

Armstrong et al. — Obliquity Variations and Exoplanet Habitability

Author: J. C. Armstrong; Rory Barnes; Shawn Domagal-Goldman; J. Breiner; T. R. Quinn; Victoria S. Meadows
Effects of Extreme Obliquity Variations on the Habitability of Exoplanets • Astrobiology, Vol. 14, No. 4 • 2014
Journal Article Neutral
DOI: 10.1089/ast.2013.1129
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth's Orbit and Rotation — Parameter Variation

Lissauer et al. — Earth Without the Moon

Author: Jack J. Lissauer; Jason W. Barnes; John E. Chambers
Obliquity Variations of a Moonless Earth • Icarus, Vol. 217, No. 1 • 2012
Journal Article Neutral
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.013
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • The Moon and Earth's Environment — Scientific Foundation
Questions & Objections
  • Are Some Supposed Requirements Actually Unnecessary? — Scientific Qualification

Walker, Hays and Kasting — Long-Term Climate Stabilization

Author: James C. G. Walker; P. B. Hays; James F. Kasting
A Negative Feedback Mechanism for the Long-Term Stabilization of Earth's Surface Temperature • Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 86, No. C10 • 1981
Journal Article Neutral
DOI: 10.1029/JC086iC10p09776
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • The Carbon Cycle and Long-Term Climate — Scientific Foundation

Kasting and Catling — Evolution of a Habitable Planet

Author: James F. Kasting; David Catling
Evolution of a Habitable Planet • Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 41 • 2003
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.astro.41.071601.170049
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Liquid Water and Earth's Oceans — Scientific Foundation
  • Earth's Atmosphere and Surface Conditions — Scientific Foundation
  • The Carbon Cycle and Long-Term Climate — Broader Context

Korenaga — Plate Tectonics and Planetary Habitability

Author: Jun Korenaga
Plate Tectonics and Planetary Habitability: Current Status and Future Challenges • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1260 • 2012
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06276.x
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Plate Tectonics and Geological Activity — Scientific Foundation
Questions & Objections
  • Are Some Supposed Requirements Actually Unnecessary? — Scientific Qualification

Haghighipour — Formation and Dynamics of Super-Earth Planets

Author: Nader Haghighipour
The Formation and Dynamics of Super-Earth Planets • Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 41 • 2013
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105340
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth's Mass, Gravity, and Rocky Composition — Scientific Foundation

National Academies — Multiparameter Habitability Assessment

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
An Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe • The National Academies Press • 2019
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.17226/25252
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • The Moon and Earth's Environment — Broader Context
  • Earth's Chemical Inventory — Early Earth Context
  • The Combined Requirements for Complex Life — Scientific Foundation
Explanations
  • Earth as One Successful Outcome — Broader Context
  • Selection Effects — Epistemic Limitation
  • Purposeful Design — Scientific Foundation
Questions & Objections
  • Are We Just Making a List of Earth's Features? — Methodological Context
  • Could Life Exist Under Very Different Conditions? — Epistemic Limitation
  • With So Many Planets, Isn't an Earth Bound to Occur Somewhere? — Broader Context
  • Does Observer Selection Explain Earth's Habitability? — Epistemic Limitation
  • Does Finding Another Habitable Planet Weaken the Design Argument? — Scientific Foundation

National Academies — Dynamic Habitability

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023-2032 • The National Academies Press • 2023
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.17226/26522
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • The Combined Requirements for Complex Life — Dynamic Habitability
Explanations
  • Planetary Evolution and Natural Processes — Dynamic Habitability
  • An Explanation Not Yet Known — Future Research

Sleep and Zahnle — Carbon Dioxide Cycling on Ancient Earth

Author: Norman H. Sleep; Kevin Zahnle
Carbon Dioxide Cycling and Implications for Climate on Ancient Earth • Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 106, No. E1 • 2001
Journal Article Neutral
DOI: 10.1029/2000JE001247
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • The Carbon Cycle and Long-Term Climate — Geological Carbon Cycle
  • Plate Tectonics and Geological Activity — Carbon Cycle Connection

Kopparapu, Wolf and Meadows — Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability

Author: Ravi Kumar Kopparapu; Eric T. Wolf; Victoria S. Meadows
Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability • Planetary Astrobiology • 2020
Scientific Review Neutral
DOI: 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816540068-ch17
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth Within the Sun's Habitable Zone — Broader Context
  • The Sun as Earth's Host Star — Scientific Foundation
  • Earth's Orbit and Rotation — Broader Context
  • Liquid Water and Earth's Oceans — Broader Context
  • Earth's Mass, Gravity, and Rocky Composition — Broader Context
  • The Combined Requirements for Complex Life — Broader Context
Explanations
  • Earth as One Successful Outcome — Scientific Foundation
  • Selection Effects — Broader Context
  • Purposeful Design — Scientific Foundation
  • An Explanation Not Yet Known — Research Context
Questions & Objections
  • Are We Just Making a List of Earth's Features? — Broader Context
  • Could Life Exist Under Very Different Conditions? — Alternative Conditions
  • With So Many Planets, Isn't an Earth Bound to Occur Somewhere? — Scientific Foundation
  • Does Observer Selection Explain Earth's Habitability? — Broader Context
  • Does Finding Another Habitable Planet Weaken the Design Argument? — Scientific Foundation

Kopparapu et al. — Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars

Author: Ravi Kumar Kopparapu; Ramses Ramirez; James F. Kasting; Vincent Eymet; Tyler D. Robinson; Suvrath Mahadevan; Ryan C. Terrien; Shawn Domagal-Goldman; Victoria Meadows; Rohit Deshpande
Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 765, No. 2, Article 131 • 2013
Journal Article Neutral
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/131
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth Within the Sun's Habitable Zone — Scientific Foundation

Wordsworth and Pierrehumbert — Water Loss from Terrestrial Planets

Author: Robin D. Wordsworth; Raymond T. Pierrehumbert
Water Loss from Terrestrial Planets with CO2-Rich Atmospheres • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 778, Article 154 • 2013
Journal Article Neutral
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/154
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Liquid Water and Earth's Oceans — Water Retention
  • Earth's Atmosphere and Surface Conditions — Atmospheric Process

Barnes et al. — Habitability of Planets Orbiting Cool Stars

Author: Rory Barnes; Brian Jackson; Richard Greenberg; Sean N. Raymond; René Heller
Habitability of Planets Orbiting Cool Stars • Astrobiology • 2010
Journal Article Neutral
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • The Sun as Earth's Host Star — Alternative Conditions

Krijt et al. — Chemical Habitability

Author: Sebastiaan Krijt; Mihkel Kama; Melissa McClure; Johanna Teske; Edwin A. Bergin; Oliver Shorttle; Kevin J. Walsh; Sean N. Raymond
Chemical Habitability: Supply and Retention of Life's Essential Elements During Planet Formation • Protostars and Planets VII • 2023
Scientific Review Neutral
Used in this investigation
Evidence
  • Earth's Chemical Inventory — Scientific Foundation