Natural Processes
Known Evolutionary Mechanisms
Biological populations change through observable processes including mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, recombination, gene duplication, and changes in gene regulation.
Modification
Modification of Existing Biological Systems
Evolutionary innovation frequently involves modification, duplication, redeployment, or altered regulation of biological components that already exist.
Evolutionary Innovation
The Origin of Biological Novelty
Biological novelty can refer to several different things, including a new gene, a new molecular function, a new phenotype, a new anatomical feature, or a new form of biological organization.
Historical Explanation
From Observed Change to Major Innovation
Evolutionary biology connects directly observed mechanisms with historical evidence to reconstruct biological changes that occurred long before they could be experimentally observed.
Design
Intelligent Design and the Limits Question
Intelligent Design accepts that evolutionary mechanisms can produce biological change while asking whether those mechanisms adequately explain particular major innovations and integrated systems.