Sarcophagus and Inscription of Eshmunazar II
The inscription directly names a Sidonian king, records royal family relationships, and describes temples and political privileges. It is a major source for Phoenician history during the Persian period.
About the Discovery
This Egyptian-style stone sarcophagus belonged to Eshmunazar II, king of Sidon. It was discovered near Sidon in 1855. Its long Phoenician inscription identifies the ruler and his family, describes religious building projects, and warns against disturbing his burial.
The text also says that the Persian Great King granted Sidon territories including Dor and Joppa. These claims reflect the royal perspective, but they provide unusually detailed evidence of Sidon under Persian rule.
Scripture Reference
Genesis 10:15; 1 Kings 16:31; Ezekiel 28:20–23 (background references to Sidon; none mentions this sarcophagus).