Tell el-Maskhuta Silver Bowl of Qainu
The inscription provides unusually direct written evidence for the rulers of Kedar and their connections with Egypt. It may also illuminate the historical setting of Nehemiah, although the Geshem named on the bowl cannot be identified with the biblical figure beyond doubt.
About the Discovery
The Tell el-Maskhuta Silver Bowl is a shallow silver vessel bearing a short Aramaic dedication. It names Qainu, son of Geshem, and includes the title king of Kedar. The bowl was reportedly found at Tell el-Maskhuta in Egypt, where several inscribed silver vessels were associated with offerings to the North Arabian goddess Han-Ilat. The Brooklyn Museum acquired the vessels in the 1950s.
The inscription is evidence of the presence and influence of Kedarite Arabs in Egypt during the Persian period. The title king of Kedar may refer to Qainu or to his father Geshem. Some scholars identify this Geshem with the Arab leader who opposed Nehemiah, but the identification cannot be proved.
Scripture Reference
Genesis 25:13; Isaiah 60:7; Jeremiah 49:28–33 (references to Kedar); Nehemiah 2:19; 6:1–6 (Geshem the Arab; identification with the inscription is debated).