Isaiah 8 continues the Immanuel theme and portrays the LORD as both sanctuary and a stone over which unbelieving Israel stumbles.

The New Testament gives this connection especially strong support. The fulfillment reference in this table, 1 Pet 2:8, uses, quotes, or closely applies Isaiah's language in relation to Jesus and supports the description that He would a stone of stumbling, a Rock of offense. Accordingly, this entry may properly be presented as a substantial messianic fulfillment, while still allowing Isaiah's words to retain their original historical and literary setting.