David

David, the youngest son of Jesse of Bethlehem, was anointed by Samuel while Saul still reigned. He entered royal service, defeated Goliath, became a successful commander, and formed a covenant friendship with Jonathan. Saul's jealousy forced David into years as a fugitive, during which David twice refused opportunities to kill the king. After Saul's death David first ruled Judah at Hebron and later all Israel. He captured Jerusalem, brought the ark there, and received God's covenant promise that his house and kingdom would have enduring significance. David's reign included major military victories, but his adultery with Bathsheba and arrangement of Uriah's death brought severe judgment within his household. The rebellions and deaths of his sons, especially Absalom, caused deep grief. David prepared extensively for the future Temple before Solomon succeeded him.